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Wild weather and the beauty of it all

Wild weather and the beauty of it all

Wild weather is a spectacle of nature’s raw power and artistry colliding.

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This video is from the @FrancisFSS11 Youtube channel and the accompanying music is called Sansa from Gereth Emery.

The events depicted in the video showcase the immense power of nature’s extremes — often catastrophic but also awe-inspiring in their scale and impact.

Think towering thunderstorms with lightning veins splitting the sky, or blizzards cloaking the world in silence and white. Hurricanes churn oceans into froth, their spiral arms mesmerizing from space.

Tornadoes dance with chaotic grace, carving paths of awe and destruction. Even gentler moments, like a rainbow arcing through a post-storm haze or the golden glow of a dust storm at sunset, hit you with beauty that feels alive.

It’s humbling.

Weather doesn’t care about our plans — it just is. The thrill comes from its unpredictability, the way a clear day can flip to a deluge or a quiet night erupts into a meteor shower.

Scientists track it with radar and models (like the GFS or ECMWF, churning terabytes of data), but no prediction nails it perfectly. That untamed edge keeps us chasing — storm hunters with cameras (as shown in this video), or just folks staring out windows, caught by the show.

Weather represents a paradox: it sustains life but can also bring destruction. This duality is evident in how storms sculpt landscapes or how rain nourishes ecosystems while sometimes causing floods.

The unpredictability of weather often evokes a sense of wonder and humility, reminding us of nature’s vast power and intricate beauty.

In essence, “wild weather” is not just a force to be reckoned with but also a source of inspiration, creativity, and scientific curiosity.

Montana Board of Hail Insurance approves refunds

Montana Board of Hail Insurance approves refunds

The Montana Board of Hail Insurance has approved a 10% refund on premiums paid by farmers who purchased state hail insurance in 2024.

This decision was made during the board’s spring meeting in March 2025 after reviewing the actuarial report. The refunds apply to policies issued by the Montana Department of Agriculture, which covered 308,635 acres across 37 counties through 262 policies in 2024.

Additionally, the board decided to maintain the same premium rates for hail insurance in 2025 as those charged in 2024. The board is composed of agricultural producers and state officials, including Chair William Von Bergen, Vince Mattson, Jim Schillinger, Montana Department of Agriculture Director Jillien Streit, and Montana State Auditor James Brown.

The approval of the 10% refund by the Montana Board of Hail Insurance likely involved several key factors, drawing parallels from general refund program principles observed in other contexts:

Actuarial Analysis:

The board’s review of the 2024 actuarial report likely identified a surplus in the premium pool, enabling refunds without jeopardizing financial stability. This mirrors the FTC’s approach of assessing available funds before distributing refunds.

Administrative Feasibility:

With 262 policies covering 308,635 acres, the program’s manageable scale likely reduced administrative costs, similar to how the FTC prioritizes efficient distribution mechanisms.

Pro Rata Distribution:

The refund’s flat percentage aligns with common pro rata models (e.g., FTC cases), ensuring equitable distribution based on premiums paid.

Stakeholder Input:

The board’s composition, including agricultural producers and state officials, suggests a balance between industry expertise and regulatory oversight, fostering decisions that reflect both fiscal responsibility and farmer needs.

Stable Premium Rates for 2025:

Maintaining unchanged rates for 2025 may have provided financial predictability, allowing the board to allocate surplus funds from 2024 without adjusting future revenue streams.

These factors collectively align with best practices for refund programs, emphasizing actuarial soundness, administrative efficiency, and stakeholder consensus.

For more information about state hail insurance or the Montana Board of Hail Insurance, please contact the Montana Department of Agriculture Hail Specialist at (406) 444-2402, by email at agr@mt.gov, or by visiting agr.mt.gov online.

The Montana Department of Agriculture is serving Montana Agriculture and growing prosperity under the Big Sky. For more information on department programs and services, visit agr.mt.gov.

International student visas cancelled in Montana

International student visas cancelled in Montana

International student visas are being cancelled in Montana. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security revoked F-1 student visas for four international students at Montana’s flagship universities.

Three students at Montana State University (MSU) were discovered during a routine check of visa statuses — MSU in Bozeman has an estimated 400 students from 64 countries, and the vast majority of them are on F-1 visas.

The other student was from the University of Montana (UM), a graduate now living out of state. UM has students from roughly 50 different countries.

MSU was not notified in advance of the revocations, which is atypical for such cases.

The reasons for the recent revocation of international student visas in Montana remain unclear, with no specific explanations provided by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). However, broader trends under the Trump administration suggest potential reasons for such actions:

Some international students across the U.S. have had their visas revoked for expressing political viewpoints, particularly pro-Palestinian activism, through editorials or protests.

Visa cancellations have also targeted students with prior legal issues, such as DUI convictions.

The State Department has emphasized visa revocations as part of efforts to maintain national security and community safety.

In this specific case, DHS did not communicate directly with Montana State University or the University of Montana regarding the revocations, leaving both institutions and affected students without clarity on the rationale behind these decisions

MSU President Waded Cruzado emphasized support for affected students and compliance with federal laws.

Other universities like Harvard and UCLA have also faced similar actions.

Revocation processes differ between F-1 and J-1 visas.

The revocation process for F-1 and J-1 visas differs primarily in terms of governing regulations, reasons for revocation, and procedural steps.

F-1 Visa Revocation

Reasons for Revocation:

Ineligibility under visa criteria (e.g., failure to maintain full-time enrollment or unauthorized employment).

Legal infractions, such as DUIs or other criminal activities.

National security concerns or suspected immigrant intent.

Process:

Revocations are often initiated by the Department of State (DOS) or Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

The visa holder may not always be notified in advance, especially in cases of “prudential revocation” (precautionary cancellations based on suspected issues).

Affected individuals may remain in the U.S. until their status is formally terminated by an immigration judge, but future applications for extensions or changes of status may be denied.

Impact:

The visa becomes invalid for re-entry if the individual leaves the U.S., requiring a new application to return.

J-1 Visa Revocation

Reasons for Revocation:

Violations of SEVIS requirements, such as failure to report arrival, dropping below full-time enrollment without authorization, or unauthorized employment.

Expulsion, suspension, or failure to maintain required health insurance.

Process:

SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) records are terminated upon violations, immediately placing the individual out of status.

The revocation process is tied closely to compliance with program-specific requirements outlined in the DS-2019 form.

Impact:

J-1 holders typically have a short grace period after termination to depart the U.S. or rectify their status.

Reinstatement options are limited compared to F-1 visas.

Key Differences
Aspect F-1 Visa J-1 Visa
Primary Oversight DHS and DOS DOS and SEVIS
Common Violations Unauthorized employment, legal issues SEVIS violations, program noncompliance
Notification May lack prior notice Immediate SEVIS termination
Grace Period May remain until formal removal Limited grace period
Reinstatement Options More flexible Limited

In both cases, visa holders are encouraged to seek legal advice immediately upon notification of revocation to explore available remedies.

Your home might be hazardous to your health

Your home might be hazardous to your health

Your home might be hazardous to your health — Your home is supposed to be your sanctuary, your safe place, your retreat from the world. But what if the very walls around you are quietly wearing down your health? You won’t hear it knocking or catch it in your periphery.

It comes subtly: disrupted sleep, mystery headaches, persistent fatigue, irritated lungs. In the age of wellness culture and biometric trackers, we’ve focused intensely on what we eat and how often we exercise, but we’ve largely ignored the structure that shelters our lives.

The reality is: your home can either heal you or hurt you. And most of us are overdue for a gut check on the environments we’ve normalized.

Invisible Air, Visible Effects

Let’s start with air quality. If you live in a city apartment, your windows probably stay closed for long stretches. Meanwhile, dust accumulates, mold spores may linger, and that chemical-cleaner scent you associate with “freshness” might actually be toxic.

The EPA reports that indoor air can be up to five times more polluted than outdoor air. What’s worse, the culprits—like VOCs from paint and flame retardants in furniture don’t announce themselves. A fix? Invest in a HEPA filter, crack your windows daily, and introduce air-purifying plants like snake plants or pothos.

You can’t control outside pollution, but you can detox the air you breathe for eight hours a night.

Your Mattress is a Chemical Minefield

Most people overlook the very surface they spend a third of their lives on. Mattresses, especially older ones or cheaper brands, are often saturated with flame retardants and off-gassing chemicals.

These can slowly leech into your system through skin contact and inhalation. If you wake up groggy despite a full night’s sleep, your mattress may be part of the problem.

Look into organic options made with natural latex, wool, and cotton, or take steps to clean the mattress you have.

Check Your Pipes

You probably don’t think about your pipes until something goes wrong—but by then, it’s too late. Routine plumbing inspections aren’t just about preventing leaks; they’re your first line of defense against mold, water damage, and the kind of slow, hidden deterioration that silently erodes air quality and health.

These days, you don’t need to wait around for someone to show up with a clipboard. There are apps now that let you chat with a plumber via video, getting real-time advice from seasoned pros who can spot trouble early and talk you through quick fixes.

And when the situation calls for in-person help, you can instantly access a roster of local, vetted experts who are ready to step in, tools in hand, before a small drip turns into a health hazard.

Lighting Dictates More Than Ambience

The lighting in your home isn’t just about vibes; it’s deeply tied to your circadian rhythm. Cool-toned LEDs late at night can throw your body clock out of sync, delaying melatonin release and wrecking sleep.

Most people don’t realize that the wrong lighting mimics the conditions of jet lag.

Replace cold bulbs with warm-tone options and lean into natural light during the day. Morning sun exposure through your windows helps anchor your sleep-wake cycle and lifts mood naturally.

Clutter and the Cognitive Cost

Mess doesn’t just make a space look chaotic—it feels chaotic. A cluttered space competes for your brain’s attention, elevating stress and reducing your ability to focus.

Over time, that kind of subtle over-stimulation can lead to mental fatigue and low-grade anxiety. You don’t need to Marie Kondo your life, but start small: clear one drawer, one surface.

Build systems that make tidying automatic, not aspirational. Think less about aesthetics and more about mental hygiene.

Moisture is a Breeding Ground

Dampness doesn’t just make a place feel uncomfortable—it opens the door to mold, mildew, and dust mites. And if you’ve got even the faintest mold allergy, those invisible spores can do a number on your respiratory health.

Bathrooms, basements, and kitchens are usual suspects. Use a hygrometer to measure humidity levels, and keep them between 30–50%.

Dehumidifiers aren’t sexy appliances, but they’ll do more for your lungs than scented candles ever could.

Rituals Over Renovation

You don’t need a massive remodel to make your home healthier. The key is cultivating daily rituals that reinforce well-being.

Open windows with intention, swap out that synthetic candle for essential oils, and designate screens-free zones. Take your shoes off at the door … it’s not just cultural, it reduces indoor pollutants by 60%.

Light a beeswax candle during dinner, which actually purifies the air. These micro-adjustments compound over time. Your home starts to behave less like a trap and more like a tonic.

It’s tempting to think of health as something that lives in gyms and green juice. But the real foundation is built under your own roof.

Your home has a nervous system. It breathes, holds, and reacts. When it’s filled with irritants and static, you carry that tension into your body.

When you take the time to design an intentional environment, you create a space that partners with you, nudging you toward restoration instead of deterioration.

Graupel: What is it?

Graupel: What is it?

Graupel /grou′pəl/, also known as “soft hail” or “snow pellets,” is a unique type of precipitation that forms when super-cooled water droplets freeze onto falling snowflakes.

This process, called riming, creates small, round or conical balls of rime ice, typically measuring between 2 and 5 mm in diameter.

Graupel is distinct from hail, which is larger and harder, and from sleet, which is clear ice pellets.

Graupel forms in clouds when snowflakes encounter super-cooled water droplets.

These droplets freeze onto the snowflakes, creating a layer of rime ice that can completely cover the original crystal, resulting in a ball-like shape.

This process often occurs in winter storms or at higher elevations.

Graupel resembles small Styrofoam balls and is white or cloudy in color, unlike the clear appearance of sleet.

It is fragile and will disintegrate easily if handled, unlike hail which is hard.

The METAR code for graupel is GS.

Graupel can pose an avalanche risk because it does not bond well with other snow layers, acting like ball bearings in the snowpack.

It tends to roll off steep slopes and accumulate on gentler terrain, increasing the risk of avalanches.

Under a microscope, graupelUnder a microscope, graupel particles exhibit a unique structure formed by the accumulation of frozen super-cooled water droplets on snow crystals.

The riming process obscures the original shape of the snowflake, transforming it into a rounded, ball-like form.

Observations using low-temperature scanning electron microscopes (LT-SEM) reveal frozen cloud droplets up to 50 μm in diameter on the surface of graupel particles.

The rime ice appears frosty and milky white, with a granular texture resembling miniature beads or snowballs.

This structure is difficult to capture with traditional light microscopes due to limitations in resolution and depth of field.